Portfolios selected the best mix of regionally differentiated scenarios for each of the three implementation levels, but these levels were developed independently for each scenario and their different ranges may affect their ranking. It is advantageous to generalize the existing results so that we can estimate the net change in GHG emissions for any implementation level within the modeled range. Figure 4a shows the dos070 cumulative mitigation potential (default implementation level, high substitution benefits) for each region plotted against the absolute value of the cumulative change in harvested wood (including roundwood and residues) relative to the baseline, and although the regions differed in size and harvesting activity, there was a well-defined relationship for most scenarios. 4b, Additional file 1: Table S7) resulted in very similar regressions, indicating the cumulative mitigation potential could be estimated from the change in harvested wood (relative to the baseline). Slopes from the log–log regressions were close to -1 for the Higher Recovery scenario (between ? 0.5 and ? 1.2 for other scenarios), indicating a 1 MtCO2 increase in cumulative harvested wood in 2070 resulted in a change (relative to the baseline) of ? 1 MtCO2e in cumulative emissions in 2070. The Bioenergy scenario had the greatest variation amongst the regions, which was caused by the degree to which available biomass for bioenergy could meet the local heat demand and substitute high-emissions fossil fuels (See Additional file 2). Normalized net GHG reductions, defined as the net change in cumulative GHG emissions divided by the cumulative change in harvested wood for the Higher Recovery scenario were ? 1 for all implementation levels in most regions, while other scenarios had more regional variability (Additional file 1: Figure S5). For the conservation scenarios, the normalized net GHG reduction was greater for the Harvest Less scenario than for the Restricted Harvest scenario in most regions, indicating that, of the two conservation scenarios, the Harvest Less scenario would have a greater mitigation benefit.
Cumulative net GHG emissions in 2070 compared to the magnitude of the associated cumulative change in harvest C, relative to the baseline, for each region (points) along with linear regressions (lines) for a default scenario implementation level and b all implementation levels, assuming high substitution benefits. 1 MtCO2e) have been excluded. LLP stands for Longer-Lived Products
Monetary and socio-economic analyses
Desk 3 summarizes the new provincial yearly average costs has an effect on with the whole several months for everyone situations therefore the domestic portfolio underneath the standard circumstance implementation level. Charges for all of the implementation profile are offered into the Fig. 3b and considering when you look at the Extra file step 1: Desk S18.
Brief collective websites emissions (smaller than ? 0
In terms of individual scenarios, the Restricted Harvest and Harvest Less scenarios have the lowest mitigation costs ($20–$30 per tCO2e), but in terms of socio-economic impacts, there were significant reductions in jobs (Fig. 3c), Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and government revenue (Table 4, Additional file 1: Table S19). The Harvest Residues for Bioenergy, Higher Recovery plus Harvest Residues for Bioenergy, and Longer-Lived Products (LLP) scenarios indicated moderate mitigation costs ($94–$126 per tCO2e). The Higher Recovery scenario with low substitution benefits had positive socio-economic impacts, but indicated the highest mitigation cost ($272 per tCO2e) due to limited mitigation potential. The Higher Recovery scenario had the greatest cost per tonne difference between the low and high substitution benefits, reflecting the significant difference in mitigation potentials depending on how the incremental harvest was used.
Conditions associated with bioenergy had quite high socio-financial impacts just like the bioenergy design away from accumulate deposits is an alternate business and you will made good-sized cash.
Altering possible implementation height had little influence on the purchase price for each and every tonnes towards the conservation scenarios, considering the proportional changes in total cost and collective mitigation, nonetheless gay dating sites San Antonio it considerably influenced the price for every single tonne during the bioenergy conditions as modifying the degree of compiled accumulate deposits inspired bioenergy business alternatives and you may eliminated fossil fuel. With the exception of maintenance problems, for each condition enhanced jobs, nevertheless LLP situation lead to loss when you look at the GDP and you can government money since pulp and paper industry is alot more financial support rigorous much less work intensive than the timber design. The price per tonne beliefs to possess home-based profiles are some of the lower, with just minimal distinctions ranging from implementation membership and substitution pros (More file step one: Dining table S18).
